In today’s sustainability-driven industries, obtaining an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) has become increasingly important for businesses aiming to demonstrate transparency, meet green building certification requirements, and gain a competitive market advantage. However, preparing an EPD is a complex process that involves several technical, financial, and organizational challenges. Understanding these hurdles can help businesses streamline the process and achieve certification more efficiently.
1. Data Collection Complexity
One of the biggest challenges in preparing an EPD is collecting accurate and comprehensive data for a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This assessment requires detailed information across all stages of a product’s lifecycle:
- Raw material extraction
- Manufacturing processes
- Transportation and distribution
- Product use
- End-of-life disposal
The data collection process can be time-consuming, especially for companies with complex supply chains, multiple production sites, or incomplete historical data. Suppliers may also be reluctant to share sensitive data, making this step even more difficult.
2. High Costs
The financial cost of preparing an EPD can be substantial, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). Major cost factors include:
- LCA studies: These are often the most expensive part of the process due to the need for detailed environmental impact assessments.
- Third-party verification: Independent verification is mandatory for EPDs, adding another layer of expense.
- Consultancy fees: Hiring experts to help manage the process can significantly increase costs.
While EPDs offer long-term market and sustainability benefits, the upfront investment can be a barrier for many businesses.
3. Lack of Internal Expertise
The technical nature of EPD preparation requires specialized knowledge in areas like:
- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology
- Environmental regulations
- Sustainability frameworks (e.g., ISO 14025, EN 15804)
Many companies lack in-house expertise and must rely on external consultants, which can slow down the process and increase costs.
4. Navigating Complex Standards and Regulations
Preparing an EPD requires strict adherence to international standards such as:
- ISO 14025 (Environmental Declarations)
- EN 15804 (Construction sector-specific standards)
- ISO 21930 (Sustainability in Building Construction)
Interpreting and applying these standards correctly can be challenging, particularly for companies unfamiliar with environmental certification requirements. Misinterpretations can result in rejected submissions or the need for costly revisions.
5. Time-Consuming Process
The EPD preparation process typically takes 6 to 12 months to complete, depending on:
- Product complexity
- Availability of data
- The efficiency of the third-party verification process
Delays often occur during the data collection and verification phases, extending project timelines and increasing costs.
6. Supply Chain Challenges
Manufacturers often depend on suppliers for lifecycle data, especially in sectors like construction, manufacturing, or consumer goods. Challenges include:
- Inconsistent data formats
- Lack of transparency from suppliers
- Geographic and regulatory differences across suppliers
Ensuring data consistency across the supply chain is essential but can be difficult to manage effectively.
7. Keeping Up with Regular Updates
An EPD is typically valid for five years. Changes in production processes, raw materials, or energy sources can render the existing EPD outdated, requiring businesses to:
- Conduct a new LCA study
- Update the EPD document
- Undergo third-party verification again
This ongoing maintenance can be resource-intensive, especially for companies with a diverse product portfolio.
8. Complexity in Defining Product Category Rules (PCRs)
Product Category Rules (PCRs) define the methodology for conducting LCAs for specific product types. Challenges include:
- Finding relevant PCRs: Not all industries have existing PCRs.
- Developing new PCRs: Creating custom PCRs requires time, resources, and industry collaboration.
Without appropriate PCRs, EPD development becomes inconsistent and less credible.
Conclusion: Overcoming EPD Preparation Challenges
Despite the challenges, obtaining an EPD offers significant long-term benefits, including market competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and alignment with global sustainability goals. Businesses can overcome these obstacles by:
- Working with experienced EPD consultants
- Developing robust data management systems
- Collaborating closely with suppliers
While the process is resource-intensive, the transparency, credibility, and sustainability advantages of EPD certification make it a worthwhile investment for forward-thinking companies.